Corruption in the Public Sector and Service Delivery

CORRUPTION IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR AND SERVICE DELIVERY A Paper presentation at the ROUNDTABLE ON REVIEW OF GOVERNANCE INDEX AND SECURITY IN NIGERIA Held in THE NATIONAL DEFENCE COLLEGE, NIGERIA 22ND MAY, 2013 Protocol Introduction The Public Sector in Nigeria is charged with the responsibility of providing goods and services, otherwise referred to as â€Å"public goods† in economics, to the public vis-à  -vis the mandate of the ruling government and its administrative system. It is expected by the public, of the government, and through the public sector to judiciously harness the nation’s economic resources for the benefit of the public and the development of their communities particularly, and the nation†¦show more content†¦The public sector being an economic agent, acts on behalf of the public to judiciously harness all economic resources for the benefit of all. Comprising of the Executive, the Judiciary, the Legislative, the Armed Forces, the Para-Military Organisations, the Police, the Ministries, the Public Enterprises (collectively referred to as Ministries, Departments and Agencies), the public sector refers to a system of government employees, elected or appointed that serve me mbers of the public through the provision of goods and service. The term is also a generic name for both the civil service and the parastatals or public enterprises combined. It equally encompasses undertakings that engage in the provision of goods and services which the private sector may not be able to invest in. It is generally recognized that the public sector, as an instrument for carrying out government policies, has a vital role to play in the social and economic development of a country. OVERVIEW OF THE EVOLUTION OF THE PUBLIC SECTOR IN NIGERIA The evolution of the Public Service was described by Maduabum (2006) thus; * The transfer of the central administration of Lagos, Gambia, Gold Coast, Sierra Leone to Freetown, Sierra Leone (1866-1874) * Lagos Colony was administered from Gold Coast (1874-1886) * Moloney was appointed Governor of Lagos (1886) * The Niger Coast Protectorate was merged with the territories of the Royal Niger Company (1889) * TheShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Power For Private Gain As Defined By The United. Nations Development Programme1610 Words   |  7 PagesBackground: Corruption is the use of entrusted power for private gain as defined by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP 2008). This research studies the effects and consequences of corruption in the Nigeria health care system. 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Causes and Effects of Alcohal Abuse - 1150 Words

The Causes and Effects of Alcohol Abuse For about 10% to 12% of the 140 million adults in the United States who drink, the use of alcohol develops into addiction. Alcoholism in men is approximately two to three times greater than in women (14% of male drinkers vs. 6% of female drinkers). In addition onset of alcoholism usually occurs at a younger age in men than in women (Fay, 1998). In terms of consumption 20% of drinkers consume 80% of all alcohol (Babor, 2010). There has been an abundance of research done on this topic. Family studies, twin studies, animal studies, and adoption studies are showing stronger and stronger genetic influences particularly in severe alcoholism (Black, 2010) A recent twin study that assessed†¦show more content†¦Alcohol limits the brain s ability to use glucose and oxygen, therefore killing brain cells as well as inhibiting message transmission. Low to moderate use does not seem to cause permanent functional loss whereas chronic high-dose use causes direct damage to nerve cells. Malnutrition can also injure brain cells and disrupt brain chemistry. (Babor, 2010). Both physical brain damage and impaired mental abilities have been linked to advanced alcoholism. Brain atrophy (loss of brain tissue) has been documented in 50% to 100% of alcoholics (Fishman, 2005). Breathing and heart-rate irregularities also may arise. Dementia (deterioration of intellectual ability, faulty memory, disorientation, and diminished problem-solving ability) is a further consequence of prolonged heavy drinking. One of the more serious diseases due to brain damage caused by chronic alcoholism and thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency is Wernicke s encephalopathy whose symptoms include delirium, visual problems, imbalance, and muscle tremors. The other serious condition that involves thiamine deficiency is Korsakoff s syndrome; its symptoms include disorientation, memory failure, and repetition of false memories (Babor, 2010). Alcoholism also effects th e reproductive system. While light drinking lowers inhibitions, prolonged use decreases desire and the intensity of orgasm. Chronic alcohol abuse can inhibitShow MoreRelatedThe Impact of Alcohol Abuse on Finance and Economy1737 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Alcohol abuse and its associated problems cost society many billions of dollars every year. Economics have attempted to calculate the monetary damage that has resulted from the alcohol abuse. These damages include expenditures on alcohol-related problems and opportunities that are lost because of alcohol. Two problems are particularly directly related to the case of alcohol abuse. First, researchers attempt to identify costs that are directly related to alcohol abuse. Second, many costsRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Illegal For Recreational Use?924 Words   |  4 Pagesbecause unlike other drugs such as heorin, cocaine, and even the currently legal alcohal, no one has ever died from an overdose of marajuana. Speaking of alcohal, while people driving while under the influence of that drug cause roughly ten-thousand deaths a year (in just the United States alone), the Canadian Senate Special Committe on Illegal Drugs concluded that, Cannabis alone,particularly in low doses,has little effect on the skills involved in automobile driving. Cannabis leads to a more cautious

The Genocide in Myanmar Essay - 810 Words

Super Biased Research Paper In the past two years, a genocide has been going on in Myanmar that little people around the world know about. The victims that have been affected by this mass murder are the Rohingya Muslims, who originated from the subcontinent of India and are a minority group that makes up 5% of the country’s population. Today, the physical and emotional abuse endured by the Rohingya Muslims prevails a prominent issue in the Middle East. Over in Burma, many of the Muslims are murdered, beaten, or attacked by various religious groups, while government officials either stand and watch or occasionally help. The Rohingya Muslims is a small Muslim group that emerged in India during the time of the British Raj. The group†¦show more content†¦The leaders include the president of Burma, Thein Sein, and a famous politician of the country, Aung San Suu Kyi. 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Customer Intimacy and Its Implication in Sales Unit-Free Samples

Question: Explain Customer Intimacy And Its Implication In Sales Unit? Answer: Introduction Strategic business unit (SBU) of the organization Apple Inc. is an essential segment which assists in maintaining the standardization and profitability for the business. This segment significantly comprehends the strategic marketing tools that are required to enhance the strategy of marketing in the organization. In this assignment, the learner has elaborately described the strategic direction and development tools required for sales division unit in the organization. The development tools create a huge impact on this unit; however, it does impact positively which signifies the critical growth of the business in the competitive market. These strategies will significantly help in implementation and planning process in the organization. Customer intimacy and its implication in Sales unit In the business world, there exist 3 core marketing strategies for various business platforms based on different industry. The three strategies in terms of marketing are operational excellence, customer intimacy, and product leaderships. However, for the sales unit of the organization Apple Inc. focuses mainly on customer intimacy. As it is the customer that helps an organization to rise to its peak level by enhancing the profitability in various aspects (Baker, 2014). Hence, satisfying their needs and demand is relevant for gaining success and to stay ahead in the competitive market. The client intimacy strategy concentrates on offering a critical scope of client administrations that considers the personalization of administration and the customization of items to meet varying client needs (Montgomery, Einstman Stepniewski, 2006). Frequently organization like Apple Inc. who seeks after this system marketing strategies focuses critically on the items which are well planned particula rly for the individual client. The fruitful outline of arrangements obliges sellers to have profound client learning and in addition bits of knowledge into their clients' business forms. The arrangements which are offered once in a while, focuses on the least expensive alternative for the client, nor the most creative, yet are viewed as satisfactory (Boone Kurtz, 2013). Client intimacy concentrates on the requirements of the individual client. Customer intimacy strategically can just land through adjusting the item improvement, producing, regulatory capacities and official concentration around the requirements of the individual client. Apple Inc. significantly has a tendency to have a decentralized association which enables them to learn and change rapidly as per clients' needs (Christopher, Payne Ballantyne, 2013). This organization frequently keeps a whole environment of accomplices for the genuine creation and conveyance of items and administrations to their clients. The strategic direction for the organization Apple Inc. in terms of marketing is to provide an adequate solution to its customers and assist them while running their business critically. The sales unit of the organization is effective for forming a great segment in the organization which achieves a direct relation with the customer. This, in turn, helps them to achieve the desired n eed of the target market which helps the organization to stay ahead in comparison with the rival companies. The pricing strategy of the products and services offered by the organization enhances eventually due to the engagement of the sales unit. Hence, customer intimacy is desired in an organization to achieve the desired goal as well as to stay ahead in the market. The sales unit provides an effective system support that helps to measure the cost of delivering product and services to the customer while maintaining the loyalty of the customer. The corporate culture is generally flexible and is completely customer centric. The sales unit has the main advantage of attaining customer information which is crucial in terms of running the business of Apple Inc. more flexible. The managers of the sales unit are effective and have significant boundaries and also assist their subordinates to complete the task at ease which is desired in terms of achieving customer intimacy towards the organization. The team of the sales unit is congenial controlled as well as friendly by sharing information from the higher level to lower for enhancing effective strategy (Czinkota Ronkainen, 2013). The teamwork, trust, and power of the unit are efficient for trusting the members for accomplishing their job role. The sales unit strategies change with the changing needs of the customers; however, in the organization Apple Inc. the underlying strategy is stable which is towards profitability. Hence, the strategy chosen for the organization Apple Inc. is assisting the business growth while satisfying the needs of the customer. Thr ough customer intimacy strategy, the organization will attain ample profit pay off and is feasible with its huge resource platforms; however, with advantages come investment costs as well as a potential risk which the organization critically resolves and moves further (De Mooij, 2013). The sales unit team considerably attains competitive strategic positions in terms of customer intimacy which are both dominant and strong. Through the strategy of customer intimacy, the organizations sales unit controls the strategies and behavior of other competitors which are a significant strength in the target market (Yim, Tse Chan, 2008). The organization Apple Inc. always considers short-term strategies rather than a long term as the strategies mostly depend upon the changing needs of customers. The sales unit always tries to enhance its current position as it has significant strengths and potentials to continue the business while satisfying the needs of customers. The pricing strategy, as well as the products and services produced from the unit, are completely based on the needs of the customers while comparing the pricing strategy of the competitors (McKenzie-Mohr, 2013). This, in turn, helps to attain a significant position in the target market as well as it is profitable f or the organization in every aspect. Hence, the implication of the sales unit of the organization in terms of customer intimacy strategies is significant and will help to grow business widely. Portfolio analysis- Boston Consulting Groups matrix The higher management of the organization Apple Inc. is not dependable for generating strategic alternatives in terms of different products and services in the market for customer intimacy. It completely depends on the business units of the organization. The sales unit of the organization Apple Inc. is significant for generating strategies based on the need of the customers (Zott Amit, 2013). The critical assumption of the BCG or Boston Consulting Group matrix is it helps to analyze the increased market share of the products and services that have been introduced in the market for higher cash generation (Simons, 2013). However, it is evident for the organization Apple Inc. that growing markets do need additional investment. By attaining slower business growth, the organization can gather the required additional investment. The sales unit in the organization is completely independent of other business unit and implements strategies based on the needs of the target market. The matrix quadrants are named as stars, question marks, cash cows, and dogs. Each of the quadrants signifies each strategy of an organization. The high growth market leaders are typically known as stars. Cash cows are significantly characterized by high market share and low growth. Dogs are those who introduce products in low positioned market share as well as poor competitive position (Xue, Ray Sambamurthy, 2013). The sales unit in the organization Apple Inc. can be characterized in the quadrant of question marks. The products and services offered by the unit are significantly customer-centric which enhances the growth market of the product; however, this, in turn, leaves to low share and requires more cash for investment and produces more products. This unit starts at a slow pace but eventually evolves in the market as a star product which flourishes the market as well as gain competitive advantage. The investment characteristics are quite heavy initially ad requires high developmental and research costs to learn about the target market and to gain customer intimacy. The earning characteristics significantly fluctuate based on the need of the target market; sometimes its high and sometimes its low (Turnbull Valla, 2013). The sales unit takes a huge chance to dominate the target market and if everything goes well after introducing the products and service in the target market, it gains huge market share. However, if it does not go as it is planned then a new strategy is redefined which will benefit the organization. The organization does support the sales business unit as this is the only segment which has a direct contact with its customers. Hence, if the market share lowers down due to external factors then the organization develops a strategically plan with sales unit to develop a new strategy which will be profitable for the company in terms of competitive advantage (Shih et al. 2013). The sales unit critically develops the strategy based on the market size and market position which benefits the organization Apple Inc. in several ways. The portfolio considerations for the organization Apple Inc. depends upon market size, market growth, industry profitability, and cyclicality. This, in turn, assists the sales business unit of the organization to develop the strategy which will be based on the needs of the customers as well as profitable for the organization. Strategic development tools and its benefits Cross-impact analysis This technique helps to analyze the impacts of the products and services that have been introduced in the market by the sales unit team. This analysis is typically done before the implementation of the new product; however, it can be done later too. This analysis helps to learn the potential impact of introducing a product or service in the target market. It determines if the new strategy will create a positive or negative impact on the customers in future events (Biggemann et al. 2013). The taxation laws as well as legislative laws also fall under this and play an integral part in the strategy making practice for the organization Apple Inc. Cross-impact analysis is done by surveying the needs and demands of the target customers which will significantly assist the sales to the team to develop integrated strategies that will benefit both the organization and customers and also will help to attain a competitive advantage in the target market. This technique will also assist in learning the overall competitive strategic position in the target market. The developed strategies will be based on the needs of the customers which will be significantly coordinated both externally and internally. The social and demographic event also helps in learning the how the strategy will create a positive impact in the market. Trend-impact analysis This technique critically helps the strategic business unit of the organization Apple Inc. to demonstrate future trends by gathering the past buying behaviors of the customers and likewise focusing on reinventing new products and services based on enhancing customer intimacy (Khalili Shavarini et al. 2013). This analysis benefits the sales to learn the buying behavior of the customers which creates a huge impact on the profitability of the organization. This method is unique from other tools as this technique lies with the combination of the view of customers as well as a statistical method for learning either there will be a potential growth due to the implemented strategy or it will be harmful for the organization and makes it easy for the sales business unit to decide. This tool critically assists the unit to develop a significant strategy that will be profitable for the business and will attain huge market share (Kownatzki et al. 2013). The trend of customers keeps on changing wi th the changing environment and advanced technological growth due to which it becomes tough for organization Apple Inc. to meet the demands of customers while making a profitable business. However, this technique simplifies the problem in a huge way to analyze the needs and demands of customers which make the organization stay ahead in the competitive market. Planning and implementation For strategic marketing, the organization Apple Inc. needs to have strategic planning which must be done effectively by the sales unit of the organization. Without effective marketing, the organization can never achieve the success it desires and flourishes in the market. The members of the sales business unit of the organization must provide quality product and services to fulfill the needs and demands of the customers which will increase customer intimacy (Kumar et al. 2013). For developing an effective plan, the members of the strategic business unit must focus on its customers about their buying behavior, surveying and other efficient measures which will help to form an effective strategy. An effective performance standard has to be attained by the unit for better and effective output. The customers who are the existing part of the organization must be given more priority for creating more awareness among them in terms of the new strategic marketing. Customer intimacy significant ly influences the strategic marketing strategy for the organization Apple Inc. in terms of planning and implementation. The planning must be done before starting the project and the implementation process must be done slowly for making feasible to both customers as well as the members of the sales unit (Law, Ennew Mitussis, 2013). The higher management of the company must initiate a rewarding system for enhancing and motivating the employees of the sales unit for forming innovative and creative strategies that will benefit the organization. The members of the sales unit must be customer centric and should change their strategies based on the views of the potential target customers. The tools that are used for learning the purchasing behavior as well as to learn the trend of future generation from the past record must be analyzed efficiently for the effective result (Leonidou et al. 2013). The previous strategies that have been used by the sales unit for increasing the customer intimacy strategy must be revised again for better forming the new strategies. Customers are one of the important segments of every organization as it is the segment that attains profitability for the organization. Hence, the organization Apple Inc. must focus on its customers for forming effective strategies with the changing demands and needs. Currently, the needs and demands of customers are changing with technological as well as in the competitive ground. For attaining both the factors critically, the organization must focus on understanding the trends of the customers for better output (Nica, 2013). After complete planning and comprehending the trend of the customers, the organizatio n must implement the process strategically to flourish the market as well as to stay ahead in the competitive market. The pricing strategy must be feasible so that each segment of customers based on demographic segmentation can afford the products and services of the organization. Hence, customers intimacy influence the marketing strategically in terms of planning and implementing. Conclusion In this assignment, the learner has elaborately described the strategical marketing of the organization Apple Inc. based on customer intimacy by the sales business unit. Customer intimacy is a core marketing strategy that helps to attain profitability for the organization as well as assist the organization to attain competitive advantage. The tools used for marketing by the sales business unit must be used strategically. The implementation and planning process must be efficient and should be based on the changing customer trend for forming an effective strategy in terms of marketing and should be given the first priority. Reference list Books- Baker, M. J. (2014).Marketing strategy and management. Palgrave Macmillan. Boone, L. E., Kurtz, D. L. (2013).Contemporary marketing. Cengage learning. Christopher, M., Payne, A., Ballantyne, D. (2013).Relationship marketing. Taylor Francis. Czinkota, M. R., Ronkainen, I. A. (2013).International marketing. Cengage Learning. De Mooij, M. (2013).Global marketing and advertising: Understanding cultural paradoxes. Sage Publications. McKenzie-Mohr, D. (2013).Fostering sustainable behavior: An introduction to community-based social marketing. New society publishers. Simons, R. (2013).Levers of control: How managers use innovative control systems to drive strategic renewal. Harvard Business Press. Turnbull, P. W., Valla, J. P. (Eds.). (2013).Strategies for international industrial marketing. Routledge. Journals- Biggemann, S., Kowalkowski, C., Maley, J., Brege, S. (2013). Development and implementation of customer solutions: A study of process dynamics and market shaping.Industrial Marketing Management,42(7), 1083-1092. 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